Mutual Fund in India Free Essays

string(157) exhibiting their hazard antagonistic nature moved from less rollback bank stores and low fluidic venture like LIC, Provident Fund and Pension Funds etc. Ace of Science in Management Specialization in Banking Finance Research Methodology Decision Analysis for Business (RMDAB) Assignment 2 Literature Review TOPIC: MUTUAL INVESTMENT FUNDS IN INDIA Student Name: Sangawar Pratik Shankar Batch: MFBD51217A FIN: G1190040U Table of Contents: 1. Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg. 3 2. We will compose a custom paper test on Shared Fund in India or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Writing Review on Mutual Investment Funds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pg. 7 3. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg. 21 4. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg. 23 Background a)Introduction The Four Basic Components on which Indian money related framework depends on are Financial Market, Financial Institutions, Financial Service and Financial Instrument. One of the most significant segments of Financial Instrument is Mutual Investment Fund (shared reserve). (Jaspal Singh, 2004) (Mason Dave, 1999) â€Å"A common store is a pool of cash contributed by various speculators, the capital accumulated is contributed to purchase a powerful arrangement of securities† There are basically three classifica tions of shared subsidizes I. e. Currency Market, Fixed Income and Stocks inside every class there are assortment of assets. (Artisan Dave, 1999) A venture organization is a body with prepared portfolio directors as speculation specialists, they pool up the investors’ little capitals or assets for the explanation of bankroll in protections. The most notable type of Investment association is the open-end the executives affiliation. The Other kind of speculation reserves are shut end reserves, trade exchanged assets, business advancement associations and unit venture trusts. (Jaspal Singh, 2004) The all previously mentioned are thoughtful subsidizes the explanation behind that is, their offer are freely given to financial specialists and hence the assets and their offers are imperative to be enrolled with the Security Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Venture association/affiliation that are subtly delicate and issue their offers to financial specialists/purchasers are called private or flexible investments. The common or venture subsidizes industry was begun in mid 1960’s with the setup of Unit Trust of India, as an innovativeness of the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. Jaspal Singh, 2004) Mutual store is supposed to be speculation as liable to showcase chance. As the capital is put resources into the securities exchange to procure benefits as far as profits, extra portions of organization, exchanging purchasing and selling on more significant expenses. A typical financial specialist might not have sufficient information on the offer market and the specia lized terms of the venture as how to make a decent capital portfolio, which causes a speculator to play safe in the market. Presently this circumstance of absence of venture information makes an interest for common speculation subsidize in shared venture finances numerous little speculator meet up with their minor venture capital or assets and store it to a common reserve venture organization, association or bank which goes about as there operators or can be said as delegates in the financial exchange and for that administration they take commission at whatever point the exchanging or purchasing or selling of offers is done, the commission may fluctuate according to the venture organizations. Amporn Soongswang, 2011) Mutual store is the pool of put away cash it dependent on the speculation organization which contributes the reserve funds of a measure of speculators here the speculators share a typical money related goal, it in the methods of capital gratefulness and winning salaries as profits. The assets are gathered from the financial specialists by the venture organization and put into capital markets instruments, for example, offers, debentures and abroad market. Speculators put away cash and get the units according to the Net Asset Value (NAV). NAV is the present estimation of the cash in the money related market or it very well may be clarified as the current estimation of the store in the monetary market. (Bello, 2009) As referenced that Mutual reserve is the suitable venture mode for the regular man or the normal financial specialist as it offers a speculation prospect to put resources into expanded portfolio the executives, great research board, capably oversee Indian stock just as the outside market, the most significant goal of the store administrator is to give the speculator the most secure venture and a fair capital portfolio to play safe with most extreme comes back with great capital appreciation. The store administrator ought to likewise take care of the exchanging of the stock I. e. purchasing and selling of stock or shares and through this the store administrator ought to produce income for the speculator and ought to have the option to give reasonable comes back to the financial specialists. (Dave, 1992) This causes the venture organization to keep up their guarantee of benefit age and expansion through shared assets and it tends to be done through acceptable enhancement of capital portfolio. (Patzelt, 2009) (b)Brief History of Mutual Investment Fund Common Investment according to the dates support was begun in nineteenth century it was presented in Europe, in demanding, Great Britain. Robert Fleming was the individual to set up the principal speculation trust called Foreign and pioneer venture trust according to the records it was in 1868. The Foreign and frontier speculation trust and other venture which had their situated in Britain and the U. S. , are known as close-finished common finances today. Massachusetts investor’s trust was the main trust in the U. S. , it was built up in March 1924 it was an open-finished shared store. Ramola, 1992) Innovation in the items and administrations of budgetary market improved the ubiquity of common venture assets in 1950s and 1960s. The main worldwide stock shared venture subsidize was presented in the U. S in year 1940. This monetary market or can called as money industry saw considerable development during the 1980s and 1990s. In present the common assets are significant wellspri ng of ‘safe’ venture and it is an effective result of money related market. (Ramola, 1992) Literature Review THE EMERGENCE OF shared assets was the result of the prerequisite to amass little reserve funds of residential part and to channelize it for profitable measures through securities exchange or can be said as budgetary market. In the beginning period of mechanical transformation which was in mid 1970’s in India, the stores with the banks and other monetary organization lost their significance with the development of capital market and the declining loan costs. The new financial specialists or little speculator exhibiting their hazard unfavorable nature moved from less rollback bank stores and low fluidic venture like LIC, Provident Fund and Pension Funds and so on. You read Common Fund in India in classification Exposition models owards fluidic, transitory ventures like units, offers, and debentures. (Bhapkar, 2007) However, a standard or normal speculator is terrified of major market and consequently can't take choice or can be said as no way to stroll on or no chance can be se en, the condition was not under any condition dynamic for venture, for little or normal financial specialist as, in which security to make the venture and when to make speculation. This as an end prompted the progression of common assets/security assets in Indian money related businesses. As referenced over that in mid 1970’s it was a beginning of mechanical unrest in India and in that timeframe there was high enterprises setting up in India and it made a high necessity of assets, so as the response of this activity was open issue of for social occasion of capital, however the sum which was gathered was in mass or we can say that venture which was asked by the organizations or businesses was a colossal sum in this circumstance the little speculators couldn't contribute and appreciate the possession and were likewise not having the information on speculation, in order to defeat this issue the shared assets came into presentation, and the money related establishment, for example, bank, common reserve speculation organizations came to speak to the financial specialists in the market and assist them with putting into right or great organization. (Furfine, 2001) Here in Mutual Fund Company the assets were accumulated from little speculators and pool up capital and m ake a gigantic or greater part of capital and in return they were given NAV â€Å"Definition of ‘Net Asset Value †NAV’ A common fund’s cost for each offer or trade exchanged fund’s (ETF) per-share esteem. In one and different cases, the per-share dollar measure of the capital is controlled by divided the absolute estimation of the considerable number of protections in its portfolio, less any liabilities/managabilities, by the quantity of store shares outstanding† . (Iqbal Mansur, 2010) Mutual finances units are speculation vehicles that help new speculators to take an ong ride through capital market, which is beyond the realm of imagination separately with modest quantity of venture. It gives a methods for contribution in the money related market for speculators who don’t have the opportunity or maybe the skill to take direct venture choices in values effectively. (Dr. Rajesh Bahunguna, 2010) The essential need and destinations of the st ore amassed by common assets in India has been on the misrepresented since their introduction in 1964 I. e. with presentation of US 64, the lead plan of UTI. A further it was in 1987 and 1989, when the speculators. Far off, gathering in measure with the targets of particular business strategy of 1991, common reserve marke

George Orwells Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Essays

Pigs strolling on two feet, ponies and sheep talking. This is the means by which George Orwell caricaturizes human instinct in his great novel Animal Farm. Animal Farm is a purposeful anecdote of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The title of the book is additionally the setting for the activity in the novel. The animals in the story choose to have an upset and assume responsibility for the ranch from the people. Before long the story gives us how certain gatherings move from the first goals of the upheaval to a circumstance where there is control by one gathering and accommodation by all the others. The significant thought in this story is the political debasement of what was at one time an unadulterated political perfect. Orwell utilizes parody to mock human characteristics in his characters, for example, Napoleon and Squealer. There are a few distinct characters in the novel using creatures as images of individuals, in actuality, during the Russian Revolution. Napoleon is the pionee r of the pigs that at last come to command the ranch. The attributes that we partner with pigs , lethargic, covetous, and pushy are intended to represent the qualities that the pioneers of the Russian Revolution displayed. Napoleon is respected by the entirety of the creatures since he is their pioneer. The entirety of the creatures accept that their pioneer needs to satisfy the entirety of their needs. They additionally are persuaded that Napoleon’s choices are made the wellbeing of the creatures. Napoleon’s piglike characteristics are appeared all through the story. He showed voracity when he sold the withering pony, Boxer to a slaughterhouse for cash so he and different pigs could buy bourbon. Orwell mocks human instinct through Napoleon as in he is attempting to show how the eager and force hungry in the long run end in debasement. Squealer is short, fat and agile. Simply the picture of a pig. Squealer is enticing to the point that he could transform dark into white! This is exactly what he does over and over all through the story. Each time that the pigs take more influence and cash Squealer convinces the creatures to feel that the choices are being made are totally important for the prosperity of all. At the point when things are rare, he demonstrates that creation has expanded with calculates that the creatures can not peruse of course.He is likewise the person who rolls out the improvements in the Seven Commandments. The attributes that Squealer has as a part of his character are not excellent in an individual since Squealer is precisely depicts the purposeful publicity operator that he speaks to.

What to Avoid When Writing a Paper

What to Avoid When Writing a Paper (1) Do you ever find yourself staring at a blank computer screen, trying to summon the words you need to finish a paper? Do you sometimes re-read a paragraph you just wrote and wonder “What am I even saying?” Do you wish your paper would write itself and that you hadn’t procrastinated? Writing papers doesn’t have to be this way! When you have a solid game plan for whenever you have to write a paper, it can be a breeze. If you avoid the following mistakes when writing a paper, you’ll wonder why you ever struggled in the first place. If you need extra peace of mind, run your paper through the EasyBib Plus plagiarism and grammar checker to catch potential errors and receive suggestions on how to improve your paper. Enrich your writing with the EasyBib grammar guides and learn more about your basic adjectives, pronouns, and adverbs! 1. Avoid procrastinating I’ll be the first to say that this advice is cliche and overshared, but it’s so easy to leave assignments untouched until the last minute. Here’s one way to help ensure you don’t procrastinate again. Whenever I’m assigned a paper, I break down the process into four stages: The brainstorm stage The outline stage The 1st draft stage The revision stage Depending on the paper length, I’ll calculate how long it’ll take me to do each stage. I then look at the due date and figure out when I can do each stage. Let’s look at an example together. Let’s say you have a five-page paper that’s assigned on a Monday and due next week Friday. That’s about 12 days. Step 1: Let’s schedule one day to brainstorm ideas, arguments, and sources. Step 2: Then we’ll plan for one more day to outline the paper. Step 3: If you can write about 2.5 pages a day, then you’ll need two days to write a 1st draft (for 5 pages total). Step 4: Finally, let’s allot two more days to do revisions. That’s a total of six days. Between the day the paper was assigned and when it is due, pick six days when you know you have free time to work on the paper. This process will help prevent you from realizing at 11pm the night before the due date that you have to write five pages from scratch! Everyone works at a different pace, so adjust the timeline accordingly. You’ll notice that I don’t just tell myself that I’m going to write one page a day. That’s because by taking the time to properly brainstorm and outline, the writing process itself is very easy. It also allows you to ensure that the paper is cohesive. 2. Avoid jumping straight into writing your paper Never start writing without a game plan. By taking the time to thoroughly prep before typing a single word, you’ll find that writing the paper itself will be the easiest part! When it comes to the four stages of writing, it may seem like too much time is spent on the brainstorming and outline stages. But by front-loading the work, you find yourself essentially just translating outlines into paragraphs. To brainstorm effectively, make what’s called a mind map. Start by getting a piece of paper and writing down the prompt in the middle of the page. I then jot down the relevant concepts, different perspectives, and multiple sources around the prompt. After that, draw lines in between these components to flesh out relationships. Once you’re done, you’ll have a web of connected ideas! After brainstorming, it’s time to come up with a thesis. From there, try writing your outline. You can start by figuring out how many paragraphs you’ll need. Then take a look at your mind map and determine how you want the ideas in the paper to flow. Once you identify the major concept you want to tackle in each paragraph, fill in the details of that paragraph (i.e. Note which ideas, arguments, and sources you’ll want to include along with some of your own analysis). You’ll find that this outline will be so thorough that it’s essentially your paperâ€"it just isn’t formatted into your usual paragraphs. 3. Avoid repeating facts and not analyzing them We know you’re smart. You know it, too. But no one reading your paperâ€"like your teacherâ€"will know if you don’t express your thoughts. A common writing mistake is to “parrot” ideas from readings and not analyze them. Even if you can synthesize different arguments, it’s important to actually comment on how and why you came up with your points. By demonstrating deep analysis, you can elevate your paper and help ensure that you get a good grade! To avoid parroting facts, a simple trick is to have your commentary sentences start with phrases that set you up to do analysis. For example, when you use phrases like: “The author’s argument illuminates how…” “This data illustrates…” “These ideas exemplify…” you’re forced to comment on the argument, data, or ideas. Set yourself up for success with phrases like these! 4. Avoid citing just one source or a limited number of sources An MLA Works Cited page with just one source is unbalanced and kind of boring. Unless your teacher requires you to analyze only one author, you want to show that you’ve dissected multiple perspectives on your paper’s topic. That way, you have a well-rounded paper. The best way to do this is simple: do your class readings. That way, when the time comes to write your paper, you’re already armed with lots of arguments. When you’re in the brainstorming and outline stages of writing your paper, another way to have diverse resources is to start by determining which readings in your syllabus are relevant to your essay. You can then assign each reading a notecard. From there, jot down that reading’s key arguments and examples. Once you’re done, you can spread out your notecards and see what you need from your readings and how you can use them in you paper. What’s great about using notecards is that you can shuffle them around and start thinking about the order in which you want to include these readings in your paper. 5. Avoid Not Citing Sources Until The End Citing sources (usually in MLA or APA format) as you research and write ensures that you don’t miss any sources you’ve used or mentioned. Also, don’t forget to include APA or MLA in-text citations when you write about information from a source. This will help ensure that you’re writing ethically. Plus, it’s no fun going back and trying to figure out who said what. Be sure to cite while you write! By planning ahead, writing a strong outline, genuinely analyzing arguments, and using multiple sources, you can avoid some of the most common mistakes when it comes to writing a paper!

The Risks And Disadvantages Of Smoking - 1485 Words

There are too many people in society who decide to pick up smoking because it looks cool. They haven’t done any research as to the negative effects of such a habit. I’m here to provide them with all the information they need to make an informed decision. For my IB project I decided to do a presentation full of information about the risks and disadvantages of smoking. The information ranges from the cost of smoking, to the effects it can have on finding a significant other. The presentation is broken up into numerous slides. Each slide lays out a different effect smoking can have on your life, and gives you details and/or statistics about each effect. I chose this topic, because of the many family members I have had die, as a result of smoking. I also personally know people who have been impacted negatively due to their decision to pick up smoking. My Area of Interaction is, Health and Social Education. The Health and Social Education area deals with the issues involving physical and mental and health relationships with others. My project fits into this area of interaction almost seamlessly. Smoking affects your physical body and looks. It also can take a toll on your mental health and emotional status during times. The act of smoking is definitely an issue for maintaining relationships with others. Smoking will slowly destroy all aspects of life, including your overall health and well being. My Process Journal opens with: November 7th, I watched a few videos aboutShow MoreRelatedSmoking Cigarettes Affects The Body1172 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking cigarettes affects the body in many ways, but despite this observation, 22% of all women still smoke, and approximately 12%-22% of these women smoke while they are pregnant (Davies par.1, 7). Smoking has always been popular among women since the 1900s. For example, posters and movies portrayed women who smoked as independent, hardworking people. These portrayals attracted many women all over the nation a nd began to shape the way people saw women who smoked. Also, smoking has always been consideredRead MoreSecondhand Smoking Should Be Illegal1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn our generation smoking still exists even though there are some people who quit smoking and there are some still smoke in ages, however the only problem in our society, people who smoke around youngsters called as well as secondhand smoking is a detective around children and adults. It is important that secondhand smoke shouldn’t be smoking around their own children or underage due to health. Secondhand smoking, tobacco smoke is exhaled by a second smoker or is given off by burning tobacco andRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of E Cigarettes1080 Words   |  5 Pageswhich can provide the same feeling of smoking to users. E-cigarettes are designed to help smokers to quit smoking, therefore, some people think that an e-cigarette is a nice substitute for cigarettes, and it can help the smoker to cease smoking. Rahman , Hann, Wilson and Carter discover that, for those people who do not want to stop smoking or cannot quit smoking entirely, e-cigarettes would be an aid for them (8). However, some people think that the disadvantage of e-cigarettes overwhelms its advantagesRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking Tobacco On Individuals With Poor Health And Wellbeing Outcomes1415 Words   |  6 Pagesreport will focus how smoking tobacco can result in individuals with poor health and wellbeing outcomes. The report with the first overview of the Victorian public health and wellbeing plan 2015-2019, outlining how the determinants of health can influence at-risk population groups. 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Meanwhile, others want to be as free as possible and do as they please, as long as their actions do not violate the rights of others. From my point of view, it is more sensible to ban smoking in public places rather than allow second-hand smoke to continueRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes ( E Cigarettes )980 Words   |  4 Pagesare advantages and disadvantages. One advantage that is being debated about is the possibility of helping heavy smokers quit (Griffin). In 2013, a study was conducted in Italy where several hundred traditional smokers were observed, and a foc us group of forty people were selected to try e-cigarettes and come back after six months for a follow up study. When the forty people were observed, researchers found that over fifty percent of the smokers either completely stopped smoking altogether or did not

Essay on Editha by William Dean Howells - 582 Words

Editha by William Dean Howells The story Editha by William Dean Howells and the poem Reconciliation by Walt Whitman are part of a true national literature. They are both told in a way that only we as Americans could ever understand. They speak of war in all of its glory, and they speak of all of the pain left behind. Editha is a story about a woman who loves her country so much that she would be willing to give up anyone who does not feel as she does. Her fiancà © George was not enthusiastic about the war. To George the war was about senseless bloodshed, but to Editha it was about taking pride in a country that she loved. She told George, I call it a sacred war. A war for liberty and humanity, if ever there was†¦show more content†¦Editha was a symbol of what America stood for and what America meant to so many people who could only dream of having the opportunity to live here. George was a symbol of all the young men who fought for this country to make it what it is today. They fought for a countr y they believed in. They fought for us, and for our freedom. This story shows the greatness on which this country was founded. Nobody except Americans could understand the dedication to a country that today, stands strong because of the love that the people felt for the land they lived on. Howells tried to show the depth of that love through Editha and George, which makes this a part of true national literature. Reconciliation is a poem that was meant to open the eyes of the reader to the effects the war had after it was over. It is written through the eyes of a dead soldier who has seen what the war has done. This soldier has the blood of many men on his hands and will always remember the death. Where Editha showed the significance of war in relation to a persons love of their country, Reconciliation tells in a few strong lines, the somber mood of a country that has lost many lives. Whitman writes, For my enemy is dead, a man divine as myself is dead(Whitman 129). It is not said what side this divine man fought for but it shows that no matter what side the men fought on they were fighting for whatShow MoreRelatedEditha, by William Dean Howells Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Dean Howells was an advocate of realism in writing; he believed that literary art should reflect the reality of the common man and demonstrate the truth of everyday current issues. He believed in truthful writing and he accepted very little at face value. He practiced this belief in his own writing, and his story called â€Å"Editha† is a good example of this. In this ironic tragedy, W.D. Howells shows the truth and nature of war. He uses a combination of metaphoric characters, irony, and theRead MoreAnalysis Of Editha By William Dean Howells And The Yellow Wallpaper1070 Words   |  5 Pageshand in hand with romantics as it exposes the truth behind marriages in the 18th and 19th centuries. Two stories I have read that stood out the most to me on the grounds of liter ary realism are: Editha by William Dean Howells and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Editha by William Dean Howells, will go down as one of many strong points of evidence when it comes down to literary realism. This comes into play when life for a real man is depicted as being in war. Life in the war duringRead MoreEditha: William Dean Howells’s Commitment to Literary Realism878 Words   |  4 PagesEditha: William Dean Howells’s commitment to literary realism ENG 202: American Literature II Editha: William Dean Howells’s commitment to literary realism Realism can be defined as view in which the author tries to depict life as truthfully and accurately as possible. The use of realistic or lifelike settings described by the author or narrated by a character, add a layer of realism to the story, even if the story itself is fictitious. 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Before signing upRead MoreSentimental Plot Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesnot kill her to state a point, it just so happened that she caught fever. So in some sort of way this story can sometimes be said that it was not your typical sentimental plot. Another male writer that followed the sentimental hereon was William Dean Howells â€Å"Editha† this was about a young unmarried woman who practically forces her boyfriend to enter the war in order to show off in front of others. â€Å"I shall always love you, and therefore I shall never marry any one else. But the man I marry must love

Fourteen Amendment Free Essays

The fourteenth amendment provides a definition of a citizen of The United States. The fourteenth amendment was adopted on July 9, 1868 shortly after the Union victory in the American Civil War. It was adopted as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. We will write a custom essay sample on Fourteen Amendment or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has many different clauses. The fourteenth amendment was adopted as one of the longest amendments to the Constitution with a total of five different parts. The Citizenship clause, Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause are some of the clauses. The Citizenship clause is the first section in the fourteenth amendment. The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local governments from depriving people of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness. This clause has been used to make most of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states, as well as to recognize substantive and procedural rights. The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction. The fourteenth amendment states that all people born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. The fourteenth amendment provides that all state will provide equal protection to everyone within their jurisdiction. In addition, the fourteenth amendment gave people of different minorities a whole new sense of hope and inspired them in many different ways. Congress passed the fourteenth amendment not knowing how it would affect people of different minorities. In 1868, when the amendment was passed, people of different minorities were treated with disrespect and incivility from the white culture. The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution was passed by both houses of congress. The stated purpose of the fourteenth amendment was to grant citizenship and to protect and define the civil rights of freed slaves. The Amendment was designed to prohibit state governments from curtailing the rights of former slaves after the Civil War; however it has been used to grant all of the personal liberties and rights conveyed in the Bill of Rights. Moreover, section one defines citizenship and protects a person civil and political rights from being denied by any state. Section one was formed in response to the â€Å"Black Code† that southern starts had passed in the beginning of the thirteenth amendment, which removed slavery from the United States. The Citizenship Clause can also be known as the Naturalization Clause. The Citizenship Clause refers the first sentence of section one in the fourteenth amendment. The clause showed how congress decided to reverse it so that African Americans could then vote, become citizens of the United States, and also enjoy any of the other privileges that citizens got. Although, the fourteenth amendment does not provide any procedures from removing someone privileges as being a citizen of The United States. The citizenship clause is what overruled the Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling stating that blacks could not be citizens. Loss of citizenship can happen when there is fraud in the naturalization process. Also, decades after the adoption of the fourteenth amendment, the Supreme Court got rid of laws saying that blacks could not be in juries. The Supreme Court found the laws to be a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. Its Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction. The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local governments from depriving people of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness. The Due Process Clause has been used to make most of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states. Furthermore, the first section of the amendment includes four main parts. First, anyone born in American is guaranteed full American citizenship. Second, no state can take away any of its residents of the full privileges of American citizenship. Third, all citizens are guaranteed â€Å"due process of law,† which means that states cannot pass unfair laws. Fourth, all citizens are guaranteed equal protection of the laws, which means that states cannot discriminate against any citizens. The second section says, â€Å"Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the umber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. † The second section of the Fourteenth Amendment repealed the three-fifths clause (Article I, Section 2, Clause 3) of the original Constitution. This section also guaranteed that all male citizens over age 21, no matter their race, had a right to vote. In the third section of the Fourteenth Amendment made it impossible for the president to allow the former leaders of the Confederacy to regain power within the United States government after regaining full citizenship rights. The fourth section banned any form of payment to former slaveholders for the loss of their slaves. The fifth section states that congress will have the power to enforce all the provisions of the article. How to cite Fourteen Amendment, Essay examples

Public Debt in Managing Macroeconomics

Public debt is beneficial when maintained at low levels against the GDP. When the public debt goes beyond 85% of the GDP, it starts to become a burden.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Debt in Managing Macroeconomics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Public debt is useful in managing macroeconomics through fiscal policy. It allows governments to form stable tax rates without the influence of market fluctuations. It reduces present taxes but increases the ones in the future. The impact of public debt is reduced when it used in key areas that will increase future productivity such as human capital. Deficit financing may result in growth that provides a surplus. The surplus may be used to service the debt eliminating inflationary effects. High public debt reduces government’s ability to borrow. This limits the ability to use expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate economy growth. The government may find it necessary to increase interest rates to attract creditors. With high interest rates, debt servicing becomes more costly. The rates compound, and finally the government’s ability to repay the debt is doubted. An example is China, the main creditor to USA, doubting USA’s ability to repay loans. Without lending, consumption and investment would decline. The additional debt may be considered to have a crowding-out effect on capital accumulation. The Greece case shows an economy that additional capital was no longer producing growth. This is when additional capital has diminishing returns. Further concerns about high public debt is the accumulating fraction of those who are aging in the population. With a high dependency ratio, it becomes difficult for a government to take care of social services, and a high public debt.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Causes and Solutions to the Debt Crisis The US debt crisis is considered to have been caused by tax cuts, stimulus packages, and the Iraq/Afghanistan wars. Availability of credit at low interest rates is considered to have caused consumption to rely mostly on debts. As a result of cheap credit, financial assets exceed GDP several times. The Greece debt crisis is considered to have been caused by tax cuts/evasions, generous pensions, expenditure on the 2004 Olympic Games, health care benefits, and reliance on tourism and shipping industries. The Greeks took lots of debts because their economy was growing at a very high rate before the global recession. Similarly, they borrowed to invest in real estates. However, all these causes are blamed on bad governance. The Federal government has plans to reduce spending while the Congress wants to raise the debt ceiling to avoid defaulting. The Congressional plan will give the economy more time to fix the problem. The Federal government plan is more effe ctive. The Fed plan is more effective because it reinstates confidence which affects financial markets. The solution to the US’ debt crisis is to reduce government spending. Socialism is not portrayed by the government owning big companies. This is because they are run in a capitalist manner. The government sets funds for stability. It hires a CEO who runs it for profit maximization. This is similar to private business. In socialism, the main aim is to increase utility to citizens. In that case, it would make them have quality products at the lowest price even when there is an opportunity to charge higher prices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Debt in Managing Macroeconomics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was necessary for the government to bail out these companies to prevent the economy from going deeper into recession. When the big companies run out of business, a big workforce is laid off. Consumption decreases, and other companies soon experience the declining purchasing power. They react by reducing workforce, and overall expenditure. Developing Economies and Middle Classes There are many obstacles to economic growth in developing countries. The main ones include political instability, inefficient human capital, dual economy, and lack of investment. Political instability discourages capital inflow causing lack of investment. Inadequate savings are caused by low per capita income. This makes the countries to be locked in the vicious poverty cycle. Developed countries can assist these countries by ensuring they have stable democratic governments. They can assist by transferring human capital or technology to these countries. There is no crowding-out effect in these countries, so capital inflows will generate higher output than additional capital accumulation in developed countries. This is a benefit to external investors as well as the developing countries. A stable economy relies on a high domestic demand. The middle class is the main contributor to domestic demand. This is because they have purchasing power, and they demand consumer goods. The upper class are few, and most likely to demand capital goods. The lower class lacks purchasing power. The US economy is considered to be shrinking because the middle class size is declining. For a sustainable economy, the middle class should be bigger in size.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A middle class is created by progressive tax rates. In the US case, tax cuts seem to have benefitted more the upper class than other classes. A middle class can be expanded by raising taxes on the upper class, reducing taxes on the middle class, and tax exemption for the lower class. Increasing government expenditure to finance tax cuts for the upper classes has not done well in the US economy. There is need to create a balance to avoid relying on deficit to fund government spending. This essay on Public Debt in Managing Macroeconomics was written and submitted by user Susan Warren to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.